What Does Organizational Change Mean - 17842 Words

Available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on doi: 10.1006/mare.2001.0176 Management Accounting Research, 2001, 12, 403 435 What does organizational change mean? Speculations on a taken for granted category Paolo Quattrone* and Trevor Hopper†  Despite widespread research on why and how organizations change, what constitutes change is often taken for granted. Its definition is avoided. Studies based on individuals’ rational choice imply that change flows from purposive actions in accordance with an objective, external reality whereas contextualism argues that change results from institutional pressures, isomorphisms and routines. But both depict change as the passage of an entity, whether an organization or accounting practices, from one†¦show more content†¦Post-modernists and historical materialists (Miller and O’Leary, 1994, 1998; Arnold, 1998; Froud et al., 1998), and critical Marxists and Foucauldians (Neimark, 1990, 1994; Hoskin, 1994) have argued over whether accounting transformations represent exercises in rhetoric and ritual rather than practice, and the political implications of methodological choices for whether one is for, against or indifferent to the status quo. Yet despite all this eff ort, this paper will argue, little is known about what change is—its epistemological status is left unexamined. What the concept of change means, whether it can be conceptualized independently from its process and how these factors relate to the practice of accounting is taken for granted and is poorly understood. Latour contends that ignorance of key concepts in scientific analysis is commonplace: We know very little about what causes sciences, technologies, organizations and economies. Open books on social science and epistemology, and you will see how they use the adjectives and adverbs ‘abstract’, ‘rational’, ‘systematic’, ‘universal’, ‘total’, ‘complex’. Look for the ones that try to explain the nouns ‘abstraction’, ‘rationality’, ‘systems’, ‘universe’, ‘science’, ‘organization’, ‘totality’, ‘complexity’, without ever using the corresponding adjectives or adverbs, and you will be lucky to find a dozen. Paradoxically we know more about the Achuar, the Arapesh or the Alladians than we know aboutShow MoreRelatedThe School Of Public And Environmental Affairs1568 Words   |  7 PagesChange is to make the form, nature, content, future course, etc. of something different from what it is or from what it would be left alone (notes). Change is a continuous occurrence throughout the growth of organizations and their success can be correlated with how adaptable the organization is to these changes. SPEA’s current organizational structure is not working effectively, so in order to remedy this problem, we must change the organizational structure within SPEA. I have created a plan thatRead MoreChanges Within The Workplace After The Economy, Technology, And Globalization1355 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in the workplace due to the economy, technology, and globalization have affected many lives in modern day society. In addition, managerial approaches have influenced changes organizations have faced throughout the years, whi ch tend to affect an organization’s workforce. For example, some of the changes organizations have had to encounter have been around the following, but are not limited to employee productivity, employee and organizational inefficiency, employee’s personal and professionalRead MoreThe Interrelation Of Individual Coaching, Team, And Organizational Consulting1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe interrelation of individual coaching, group coaching, and organizational consulting In general, the word ‘coaching’ is used often in daily life. In consulting, coaching refers to providing ongoing leadership in which an individual, group, or organization receives assistance with the purpose of increasing skill levels and facilitating change. It is a type of practice in which the consultant supports their clients through a process for achieving their personal or professional goals. The consultantRead MoreMy Own Personal Organizational Fit1374 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to present my own personal organizational fit. There will be some positives and some negatives. There are many self-assessments one can locate on the web to help understand one’s preferences and skills for an organizational fit. This is my analysis of some of the attributes I currently possess. These attributes are not permanently set in stone, as people change over time so will the attributes. To be honest, some will always stay the same. Most will change with learning, on hand s learning,Read MoreWhen Would Transactional Leadership Be Preferred? Transformational Leadership?892 Words   |  4 Pagesinspire others to realize higher and greatest levels of organizational commitment (Mosley Patrick, 2011). Though transformational leadership produces overall change for the better, as with any type of leadership, situational characteristics and desired outcomes should drive the leadership style (Phillips Gully, 2014). When an exchange of reward-for-performance and / or goal achievement is the desired result, rather than fundamental change, transactional leadership would be the preferred leadershipRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay1022 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Businesses today often promote change to create a better more productive work environment. These changes occasionally produce unwanted results which were not expected or planned for. By monitoring organizational behavior unwanted or negative results can be minimized so change can be effective within an organization. Organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity, communication, business ethics, and change management are all factorsRead MoreCommunication in Business in Changing External Environments1147 Words   |  5 Pages1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the three basic characteristics of changing external environments †¢ Environmental change is the rate at which a company’s general and specific environments change. If the environment is stable, this means that the rate of change is slow; if the environment is dynamic, this means that the rate of change is fast. †¢ Environmental complexity is the number of external factors in the environment that affect organizations. Complex environments have many environmental factors; simple environmentsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Trends1159 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organizational Behavior is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations. Organizational Culture is the basic pattern of common assumptions, values, and beliefs leading the way employees within an organization think about and act on problems and opportunities. Organizational Trends are patterns of change over time in some variable of interest. In this paper we will evaluate two trends in organizational behavior. The influence of ethics on decision-makingRead MoreThe Challenge of Organizational Communication714 Words   |  3 PagesThe Challenge of Organizational Communication video†¦ What does it all mean? It means that in recent years the world has been changing faster than ever before and becoming more complex than anyone could ever imagine. Katherine Miller points out 4 aspects of these changes that were barely on the radar 20 years ago, but today dominate much of our thinking. The first one is globalization. It has become a truism to say that we live in a global economy and participate in a global market. The emergeRead MoreThe Seven Steps Of A Healthy Organization1553 Words   |  7 PagesAt the beginning of doing my research I was not sure what Organizational culture was. In fact, I thought it some kind of innocuous entity with no real meaning at all, but I now know that it is so much more than that. Organizational culture is a companies back bone that determines the type of organization that it will be and what it values above all else. It also determines if it will have a healthy organizational culture or not and with it a great company can be constructed or demolished. The seven

The Civil Right Movement Of The United States - 1712 Words

Throughout late childhood, education touches upon the subject of segregation, a separation between whites and blacks during mid-20th century America, and children across the country learn the harsh reality of our nation’s history. Modern culture produces media to recreate these events in movies such as The Help, and Driving Miss Daisy. Although much of the media related segregation with the 1950’s and 1960’s, these decades were only a climax of the protests and civil movements during the time period. Not only segregation, racial inequality has also existed for hundreds of years- it is only during these specific years that the conflict and involvement of citizens across the country peaked through the use of protests as well as the influential people that led them. While influential leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. led the Civil Right Movement, segregation in the United States continued to affect the daily life of African American people publicly, educational ly, and judicially until the eventual process of integration. For instance, African-Americans were seen as inferior to white people, especially in the South such as Mississippi. In the article featured in Time Magazine, â€Å"Voices of the White South† touches upon the thoughts of whites in 1956 who stood firmly for segregation. The reporter sums up the point of view of a white person in the subject of segregation, â€Å"Many are not afraid of the Negro in any fashion but simply believe he falls short of their standards†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before t he 1954 Supreme Court’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in the United States1401 Words   |  6 PagesSocial movements are one of the primary means through which the public is able to collectively express their concerns about the rights and wellbeing of themselves and others. Under the proper conditions, social movements not only shed light on issues and open large scale public discourse, but they can also serve as a means of eliciting expedited societal change and progress. Due to their potential impact, studying the characteristics of both failed and successful social movements is important inRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1157 Words   |  5 PagesAnd by virtue of the power and for the purpose of the aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.† (CITE TEXT) It took just over 100 years for African-Americans to achieve the dream that Abraham Lincoln envisioned nearly a centuryRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Rights Movement1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinctions. An example of this in the United States was the Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s through the 1960s. African Americans fought to assert their full rights as Americans. Women fought to be able to stand next to a man in any profession and receive equal pay and respect. Now, since the late 1960s it is the homosexuals who still struggle for their equal rights. The homosexuals movement is a civil rights movement that advocates for equivalent and social rights for the lesbian, gay, bisexual,Read MoreThe United States And The Civil Rights Movement903 Word s   |  4 Pagesstrength of the civil rights movement struck the attention of political figures that influenced calls to reform the U.S. immigration policy. In the 1920’s immigration was based on the national-origins quota system. The system assigned each nationality a quota, which restricted immigration on the basis of existing proportions of the population due to its representation in past U.S. census figures. The goal of the quota system was to maintain the existing ethnic composition of the United States. However,Read MoreThe United States Of The Civil Rights Movement1803 Words   |  8 Pagesmany wars in the United States of America occurring. After World War two things began to change. The Soviet Union and United States of America had many differences. Even the world after World War Two was very different than before. A doctrine of containment was developed and programs began to be put in place due to this doctrine. There was also a Cold War and there were many impo rtant causes that lead to this war. The United States also had a lot going on because of the Civil-rights revolution. ThisRead MoreThe United States And The Civil Right Movement1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States more than two million people are incarcerated and seven million are under correctional supervision. There are 13 million adults that have been convicted of a felony and 47 million American have something on their record. Having a felony has attained a newfound relevance in the United States (King, 2006) . In many states begin a felon come with obstacles both informal and formal in the lives of people with a felony convicted. In the midst of the growing civil right movement, theRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States3431 Words   |  14 PagesThe civil rights movement began to influence view about people with disabilities. Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, the US supreme court ruled that it was unlawful under the fourteenth amendment to discrim inate subjectively against any group of people. The court applied this to the education of children. Soon people with disabilities were acknowledged as another group whose rights had often been dishonored because of discrimination. Pennsylvania Assoc for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth (1972)Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1914 Words   |  8 Pagescollective systems meant to dictate how the masses who believe in and follow them, live and act. Each institution has its own collective set of rules, often times mostly unspoken, to guide what others in the institution should be doing in terms of right and wrong. But these rules are never fixed and may fluctuate with changes in leadership or environment among other things. The fluctuations of these rules mean that they must often be tested by people more on the fringe of the institution in orderRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States Of America2015 Words   |  9 PagesUntil the 19th century, no abortion laws existed in the United States of America. By the 1880s, most states had banned abortion except in cases where it was necessary to save the mother’s life. The cause of this shift in attitude can largely be attributed to the American Medical Association, founded in 1847. The organization wanted to stop unlicensed abortions by forcing the people giving them out of business. Religious leaders supported the American Medical Association’s move and worked with

Indigenous Tertiary Study Skills Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians Experience Disproportionately high levels of Diabetes. Answer: Introduction: Diabetes is considered as one of fastest growing chronic disease in recent time. According to a report, three hundred eighty two million people throughout the world have diabetes (Dabelea, et al., 2014). Diabetes is long term condition which causes high glucose level in human blood. It is evident that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian are mostly suffering from diabetes than the Non-indigenous Australians. The below mentioned article concentrates on Indigenous Australian as they are considered as one of the major victim of diabetes than rest of the Australians. The report has enlightened all the aspects of diabetes. It has discussed about three major types of diabetes and the risks that can be faced by the victims of diabetes. The article has presented an comparison between the Indigenous and Non-indigenous Australian based on the diabetes factor and it has discussed about a current and effective treatment procedure that is beneficial for the diabetic patient. Types of Diabetes: There are three major types of diabetes - Type one diabetes, Type two diabetes and Gestational (Talaei, Mohamadi Adgi, Z. (2013). Type One Diabetes: Type one diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. In this type of diabetes pancreas become unable to produce sufficient insulin. Insulin is an essential hormone which helps the human body to function properly by providing energy to the cells. As this type of diabetes mainly occurs during childhood, it is also called Juvenile Diabetes. The people suffering from type one diabetes need to take insulin therapy. Type Two Diabetes: Type two diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. According to many reports, a large number of people in the world are suffering from type two diabetes. In this type of diabetes, human body does not produce sufficient insulin and does not use it properly. Without sufficient supply of insulin human body fails to function appropriately. This leads people to face various physical issues. They may face numbness in hands and feet. The victims of type two diabetes must discuss about their physical issues with a health care team. They must regularly monitor their blood sugar level and maintain a proper diet to control the diabetes level. Some exercise and few changes in life style can also be beneficial for the diabetic patients. Indigenous Australian are mostly suffering from type two diabetes (Ibiebele et al., 2016). Gestational: Gestational diabetes only develops during pregnancy. It is often evident that pregnant women suffer from this type of diabetes. According to the medical experts, hormones that reduce from the placenta make the insulin hormone of mothers body less effective. The victim of Gestational must consult with her doctor regarding her health issue as it can be harmful for the new born baby. Risk Factor: Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes: The risk of type one diabetes increases if any family member like parents or siblings is suffering from diabetes. If one has the autoantibody, it will increase the risk of type one diabetes. Inappropriate diet can cause type one diabetes. Low consumption of milk, consuming cereals before four months can increase the chance of type one diabetes (Kapellas et al., 2015). Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: Being fat can be harmful for human body. It increases the chance of type two diabetes. Inactivity also increases the risk of being diabetic. Every person must practice some physical exercise everyday to prevent the risk of diabetes. Polycystic ovary, Gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol are other major risk factors for type two diabetes. Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes: Mothers who are older than 25 years have the high risk of Gestational Diabetes. Being overweight can cause Gestational Diabetes. There is a high risk of Gestational Diabetes if any of the family members has diabetes (Duong et al., 2015). Comparison: According to a survey report, one in every twelve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is suffering from diabetes. According to a report, 11% Indigenous Australian who are older than eighteen years are suffering from diabetes. According to the blood test reports of the Indigenous Australian, they possess the high tendency of diabetes which is 18 times more than the Non- indigenous Australian. Report shows that in 2008 to 2012 8% of Indigenous Australian died due to high rate of diabetes (Chamberlain et al., 2015). There are many factors that influence the tendency of high blood sugar among the Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian. The one of the major factor that has influenced the health issues of the Indigenous Australian is Historical, social and cultural factor. In 18th century, the life style of Indigenous Australian has been changed with the arrival of Europeans. The sudden change in the food habits, life style and physical activity has increased the tendency among the Indigenous Australian. The economic condition of the society, physical activities, food habits, educational infrastructure puts a significant impact on individuals health. This has increased the risk of diabetes among the Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian (Burrow Ride, 2016). Treatment: Although recently there is no proper treatment available that can cure diabetes completely, small change in food habits can be beneficial for the victim of diabetes. Lack of Vitamin D increases the risk of diabetes. People must consume foods that preserve vitamin D. It will help them to prevent the risk of diabetes. Mothers must be aware of the fact that diabetes can be avoided by breastfeeding. It will help to produce insulin in proper manner which will be beneficial for the human body to function (Sorenson et al., 2016). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that the tendency of diabetes is growing faster in the world as well as in Indigenous Australian people due to wrong food habits and inactivity and various other reasons. The risk of the diabetes is higher among Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian due to lack of awareness, wrong food habits, physical activities and life styles. Although, there is no treatment that can heal the disease completely, few changes can help the victims of diabetes to beat diabetes. Victims must change their food habits for improvement. They must incorporate some food products into their regular diet that have high level of vitamin D like tuna, fatty fish and cheese. They will be able to bring some changes into their health condition. Reference: Burrow, S., Ride, K. (2016). Review of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Mt Lawley (AUST): Edith Cowan University Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet. Chamberlain, C., McLean, A., Oats, J., Oldenburg, B., Eades, S., Sinha, A., Wolfe, R. (2015). Low rates of postpartum glucose screening among indigenous and non-indigenous women in Australia with gestational diabetes.Maternal and child health journal,19(3), 651-663. Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., ... Liese, A. D. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009.Jama,311(17), 1778-1786. Duong, J. K., Kumar, S. S., Furlong, T. J., Kirkpatrick, C. M., Graham, G. G., Greenfield, J. R., ... Day, R. O. (2015). The pharmacokinetics of metformin and concentrations of haemoglobin A1C and lactate in Indigenous and non?Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.British journal of clinical pharmacology,79(4), 617-623. Ibiebele, I., Coory, M., Smith, G. C., Boyle, F. M., Vlack, S., Middleton, P., ... Flenady, V. (2016). Gestational age specific stillbirth risk among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in Queensland, Australia: a population based study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,16(1), 159. Kapellas, K., Jamieson, L. M., Do, L. G., Bartold, P. M., Wang, H., Maple-Brown, L. J., ... Slade, G. D. (2014). Associations between periodontal disease and cardiovascular surrogate measures among Indigenous Australians.International journal of cardiology,173(2), 190-196. Sorenson, A., Owens, L., Caltabiano, M., Cadet-James, Y., Hall, R., Govan, B., Clancy, P. (2016). The Impact of Prior Flavivirus Infections on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Among the Indigenous Australians.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,95(2), 265-268. Talaei, A., Mohamadi, M., Adgi, Z. (2013). The effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetology metabolic syndrome,5(1), 8.

Economic Problem in the Philippines Sample Essay Example For Students

Economic Problem in the Philippines Sample Essay 1. Over-dependence on Global EconomyThe growing of the Philippines economic system drastically slowed to merely 3. 6 % in the first three quarters of 2011. which is significantly less than the 7 % -8 % growing targeted by administration’s Philippine Development Plan ( PDP ) . Though the lag may hold been due to the on-going planetary crisis. it was markedly slower in comparing to other South-East Asiatic neighbours. Economic public presentation figures indicated a contraction in exports and a bead in FDI. Though the remittals from abroad Filipinos to the state grew in the first 10 months of 2011. nevertheless the compensation that abroad Filipinos received really fell. in peso footings. due to an appreciating peso. In 2011 the Aquino disposal sought a FTA ( Free Trade Agreement ) with the EU and fall in the Trans-Pacific Partnership ( TPP ) . The disposal farther allowed the US to even more straight influence Filipino economic policy devising in its opportunism. by come ining in a Partnership for Growth ( PfG ) . These partnerships will accordingly foster the dependance of the economic system on the planetary economic system. whereas a regional agreement between less unequal Southeast Asiatic states is potentially utile. Greater attending has to be paid to turn toing to the internal jobs of the economic system and heightening domestic-oriented growing. A policy of taking structural hindrances to growing has to be adopted with lesser focal point on foreign investors and exporters. 2. Misplaced Fiscal AusterityPracticing financial asceticism merely to acquire favourable recognition evaluations can be counterproductive. The Aquino disposal. in 2011. pursued financial asceticism and spent 2. 1 % less in the first 11 months than it did in the same period last twelvemonth. This along with increased grosss brought down the financial shortage and later international recognition evaluation bureaus Standard and Poor’s. Moody’s and Fitch upgraded the country’s recognition evaluations and mentalities. In 2011 the authorities cut disbursement on economic services. including substructure. in the same vena did non make full in for deficits in instruction. wellness and lodging sectors. As a consequence. over the first three quarters of 2011. income from public building contracted by about 46 % whereas authorities ingestion reduced by a mere 1. 7 % in comparing to the same period last twelvemonth. Misplaced asceticism steps and an overdone concern about recognition evaluations contracts the economic system. reduces demand and undermines hereafter growing. The proposed public private partnerships ( PPPs ) are a hapless replacement to existent investing and public outgo. because the former are majorly driven by short-run net income while the latter drama a critical function to make development. These are merely some of the economic challenges looming big over the Philippines. The state is confronting important diminution in industrial production. gross domestic merchandise. income and employment and gross revenues. The Aquino presidential term purportedly is acquiring the support of the people. as indicated by its high blessing evaluations. for the necessary economic steps that are in the general public involvement. In 2011. the Aquino administration’s policy picks to give greater weight to contract foreign and domestic elite involvements. unluckily. underscores the challenge of forcing for existent reform in 2012. 3. Import-Export ImbalanceThe negative trade is heavy and merely counterbalanced by the service history excess. Over the last two decennaries. Filipino exports have shifted from commodity-based merchandises to fabricate goods. In the thick of the current planetary economic recession. the exports of electronics. garments and fabrics are yet to make a degree of import neutralisation. We can work out it by using a revenue enhancement straight to consumer and every one confront the job in their money and non in the cheque in to the state. Affirmative Action Essay FreeUnemployment is one of the effects of deficiency of instruction. The official unemployment figures for the Philippines in 2011 are among the worst in Asia. higher than its South-East Asiatic neighbours and harmonizing to the International Labor Organization the state is among the worst one-fourth in the universe in footings of unemployment rates. Without a strong fabrication industry or existent Filipino industry. the economic system will be unable to make adequate nice paying occupations. Till so fabricating or services will stay deficient. or of low value-addition. Harmonizing to employment figures. occupations in the Philippines fabrication sector increased by merely 8 % of the entire employment. About three out of every 10 people in the labour force are looking for work or are idle. The excavation sub-sector said to be one of the fastest turning industry in 2011 failed to bring forth new occupations ( merely 0. 6 % of entire employment ) . Steadily lifting rising prices has contributed to the eroding of the value of the minimal pay. Though the Aquino disposal increased the lower limit pay and announced hard currency dole-outs but deficiency of quality decent paying occupations and higher existent rewards continue to be a job. The government’s policy to promote foreign capital. even if in merely low value-added assembly operations will go on to impede existent growing and development of the fabrication sector. The Aquino disposal demands to be after over the long-run. and fix an industrialisation plan that encourages value-addition fabrication or services and builds Filipino-owned industries. To decide such job provide plenty company to work with.

Integrated strategic human resource management

Introduction Recruitment and selection process enacted by an organization determines the profitability and sustainability of the firm. Mainly, recruitment and selection is done to replace an employee, to fill a new position, or to instill change in the corporate culture (Banfield Kay, 2008, p.68). Indeed, recruitment approaches in a firm influence the kind of human resource in a firm. Selection entails matching the workforce and specific jobs; thus, fair and accurate assessment of applicant’s strengths and weaknesses is done in the selection process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated strategic human resource management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Roberts (1997, p.4), â€Å"effective selection processes entails clear and precise specification, effective use of multiple techniques, elimination of redundant processes, measurement and evaluation and continuous improvement.† A quinas (2005, p. 361) on his part states that, â€Å"recruitment is a process of searching, stimulating and encouraging prospective employees to apply for a specific job in an organization.† Human resource managers can use either external recruitment methods or internal recruitment or both to fill positions in their organizations. Generally, recruitment and selection process is expensive, thus HR managers should ensure they obtain the right candidates for a specific job in order to avoid high turnover. According to Lashley and Lincoln (2003), the recruitment and selection approach varies depending on the type of employee required, organizational strategies, and human resource policies. An organization having a diverse workforce is able to benefit from skills from the diverse group. Additionally, the firms recognize the need of getting workers who can fit in the prevailing organizational culture. Therefore, Human resource Management not only seeks professional competency, but also personality attributes. Notably, selection in Sofinsco is not only based on the applicants’ involvement, training, and skills, but also on their personality and their approval of the firm’s values. Further, HR teams integrate equity and diversity during all stages of recruitment and selection. This paper will analyze the importance of different recruitment and selection approaches, equity, and diversity in relation to Sofinsco. Moreover, the significance of integrated approach to recruitment and selection in attainment of business goals is also discussed. Importance of different approaches to recruitment and selection approaches Internal recruitment method Internal recruitment involves filling positions by recruiting employees within the organization. Moreover, this approach simplifies and hastens the recruitment process especially for high level jobs. This is primarily due to the fact that the HR team is aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the candidates.Adv ertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal recruitment is carried out through direct appointment or promotion by management, a lateral transfer of an employee from one department to another or internal advertising (Nankervis, Compton Morrissey, 2009, p.48). Generally, internal recruitment is cost effective as it eliminates the cost of external advertising and sourcing (Brewster, Mayrhofer Morley, 2005, p.48). Internal recruitment is important as it boosts morale of employees to improve their performance in order to get a promotion. Therefore, internal recruitment acts as a reward system. Moreover, the employees are motivated to enhance their skills and competencies, the result of which is the evolvement in the firm. In this case, Sofinsco mainly focuses on internal labor market after realizing that, internal candidates are familiar with the firm’s corporate culture henc e they do not require adaption or integration period. Thus, internal recruitment is necessary in replacing supervisor positions in order to minimize instability that can be caused by abrupt changes. Importantly, HR teams that use internal recruitment method have an effective appraisal system to facilitate selection of eligible candidates. Whenever firms recruit internally, only entry-level vacancies are filled by external candidates, thus preventing experimenting high positions with new employees (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p.171). Through lateral transfers, employees are granted skill development opportunities and subsequent promotion. Importantly, internal recruitment helps in employees’ retention since the employee can see a future and advancement opportunity in the organization (Nankervis, Compton Morrissey, 2009, p.48). Besides, it is easier to assess internal candidates compared with external candidates, hence reducing selection or placement errors. Additionally, internal recruitment is used in conjunction with firm’s succession plan. However, internal recruitment does not meet the need of a firm’s human resource needs most of the times, hence there need to recruit from outside. Indeed, Sofinsco is compelled to employ two hundred new employees yearly in spite of its focus on internal market. Similarly, internal recruitment can attract unqualified employees since the scope of candidates is limited (Aquinas, 2005, p.363). Additionally, unsuccessful applicants’ morale and work performance can be affected negatively, or discontent can be bred if fair selection is compromised. Further, internal recruitment can cause instability, and increase operational costs due to constant movement of staff, subsequently; it affects the overall firm’s performance (Banfield Kay, 2008, p.73).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated strategic human resource management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11 /page Learn More External recruitment method External recruitment refers to recruiting employees from outside the organization. Methods used in external recruitment include direct application, employees’ referrals, campus recruiting, and through employment agencies (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p. 175). External recruitment is very significant as it prevents disgruntlement and infighting caused by internal recruitment. Similarly, internal labor market may not provide all needs of human resource, thus necessitating external recruitment. Moreover, this method averts promotion of employees whose level of competence inhibits them from performing effectively. Nevertheless, firms benefit from new perspectives and ideas from new employees, hence promoting the firm’s competitive edge (McNaughton, Carlson Dietz, 1992, p.105). In addition, firms’ productivity is improved due to internal competition created by external recruitment. Besides, external recruitment aids management to restructure their firm, as it is a fast method of changing corporate culture. Another benefit is that the quality of the workforce is improved through injection of new talent and skills from new employees (Aquinas, 2005, p.366). Additionally, through external recruitment, firms are able to source highly qualified and experienced employees, therefore eliminating cost of training. Further, the experienced workforce facilitates in improving productivity and performance of an organization. Despite the positive aspects, external recruitment has its own demerits. First, it denies employees career development and advancement hence reduce employees morale and productivity (Aquinas, 2005, p.367). Moreover, selection and recruitment errors occur more frequently since the HR teams do not have adequate time to assess external candidates. Further, there is uncertainty whether new employees will fit in the prevailing corporate culture. Additionally, there is increased transitio n and adjustment period (Grobler Warnich, 2005, p. 170). Equality and diversity in recruitment and selection process It is essential for recruiting teams to maintain equality and diversity principles at all stages of recruitment and selection (Wilson, 2005, p.258). Thus, the guiding factors during selections should be job specifications, suitability, and ability of a candidate to perform the outlined duties.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through upholding equity and diversity in the recruitment and selection process, a firm is able to benefit from increased global competitiveness and productivity. Equality and diversity plays a vital role in driving a firm towards attainment of competitive advantage in spite of tightly contested international market. Moreover, the firm will be able to attract and retain the most qualified employees in the labor market. Equality and diversity are also significant in a company that looks forward to maintain its good record, and in the process attract and retain customers for company’s sustainability. Further, a firm can enhances its corporate reputation and hence profitability. In some instances, an organization can be sued if an applicant has solid grounds of discriminations during selection, in addition to an organization’s reputation being tarnished and loss of money in the lawsuits (Williams, 2005, p.7). Further, by having a diversified workforce, the firm is in a po sition to identify the diverse needs of its customers. Finally, continued development of staff will be vital for improved and efficient performance. Integrated approach of recruitment and selection Primarily, organizational development and growth commences with  an integrated approach to recruitment and selection. Basically, integrated approach to recruitment and selection produces substantially valuable HR decisions. The integrated approach implies a continuous supply chain, i.e. development and training of potential candidates, deployment of employees to specific jobs. Moreover, integrated approach is appropriate in the rapidly changing economic market. By implementing an integrated approach to recruitment and selection, Sofinsco will become the employer of choice. Similarly, procedures for recruitment and selection are more accurate and less susceptible to bias and distortion in integrated approach technique (Jirasinghe Lyons, p.10). Further, the organizations need to incorpor ate training or mentorship programs where new employees are trained by experienced workforce. Additionally, the firm’s recruitment policy should reflect all diverse needs of the organization. Since recruitment is a continuous process in any organization, solid plans should be enacted to facilitate selection and recruitment (Pynes, 2008, p.118). Conclusion The purpose of selection is to match employees to specific jobs which they can do effectively. Banfield and Kay (2008) note that, it is important to make correct recruitment and selection decisions as employment decisions affect quality of the workforce. In addition, the process of correcting hiring mistakes is difficult due to employment rights. It is paramount to get recruitment and selection decision right since wrong decisions can affect a firm’s productivity, and wrong decisions are costly to correct. HR can recruit internally (from within the organization) or externally (from people outside the organization). HR derives benefit from internal recruitment due to motivated personnel who perceive opportunity of career development in the firm. Additionally, internal recruitment reduces the costs of external advertisement and duration of recruitment process. Importantly, there are few chances of recruitment errors since management is familiar with the capabilities of candidates. Further, internal recruitment ensures stability and avoids difficulties associated with transition. On the other hand, external recruitment provides a wide scope of candidates where a qualified and experienced employee can be sourced. Moreover, the method improves productivity of an organization due to improved quality in the workforce. Similarly, external recruitment promotes internal competition among the employees hence the improved bottom line. Equality and diversity is essential in recruitment and selection process since it promotes the firm’s reputation. Thus, a firm is able to attract and retain the top qua lity of personnel who would greatly enhance the firm’s competitiveness. Finally, organizational development and growth commences with  an integrated approach to recruitment and selection since this approach facilitates production of valuable HR decisions. References List Aquinas, P. G., 2005. Principles of Management. New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. Banfield, P. Kay, R., 2008. Introduction to Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. Morley, M., 2005. Human resource management in Europe: evidence of convergence? Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Grobler, P. A. Warnich, S., 2005. Human Resource Management in South Africa. SA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Jirasinghe, D. Lyons, G., 1996. The competent head: a job analysis of heads’ tasks and personality factors. Bristol: Routledge. Lashley, C. Lincoln, G., 2003. Business development in licensed retailing. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. McNaughton, D., Carlson, D. Dietz, C., 1992. Building strong management and responding to change. Washington: World Bank Publications. Nankervis, A., Compton, R. Morrissey, B., 2009. Effective Recruitment and Selection Practices. Sydney: CCH Australia Limited. Pynes, J., 2008. Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Strategic Approach. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Roberts, G., 1997. Recruitment and Selection Process: A Competency Approach. London: CIPD Publishing. William, K., 2005. Positive Recruitment and Retention CMIOLP. Oxford: Elsevier Wilson, J. P., 2005. Human Resource Development: Learning Training for Individuals and Organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers. This essay on Integrated strategic human resource management was written and submitted by user Kyron N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Emperor Justin II - A Concise Biography

Emperor Justin II - A Concise Biography Justin was the nephew of the Emperor Justinian: the son of Justinians sister Vigilantia. As a member of the imperial family, he received a thorough education and enjoyed considerable benefits not available to lesser citizens of the Eastern Roman Empire. His powerful position may be why he was possessed of extreme self-confidence that could be, and often was, viewed as arrogance. Justins Rise to the Throne Justinian had no children of his own, and so it was expected that one of the sons and grandsons of the emperors siblings would inherit the crown. Justin, like several of his cousins, had a bevy of supporters both within and without the palace milieu. By the time Justinian neared the end of his life only one other contender had any real chance of succeeding the emperor: the son of Justins cousin Germanus, also named Justin. This other Justin, a man of considerable military ability, is considered by some historians to have been a better candidate for the position of ruler. Unfortunately for him, the emperors nostalgic remembrance of his late wife Theodora may have harmed his chances. The emperor is well known to have relied heavily on his wifes guidance, and Theodoras influence can be clearly seen in some of the laws Justinian passed. It is possible that her personal dislike of Germanus prevented her husband from forming any serious attachment to Germanus children, Justin included. Furthermore, the future emperor Justin II was married to Theodoras niece Sophia. Therefore, it is likely Justinian had warmer feelings for the man who would succeed him. And, indeed, the emperor named his nephew Justin to the office of cura palatii. This office had usually been held by an individual with the rank of spectabilis, who saw to the general daily business matters at the palace, but after Justin was nominated, the title was usually bestowed upon members of the imperial family or, occasionally, foreign princes. Furthermore, when Justinian died, the other Justin was guarding the Danube frontier in his role as Master of the Soldiers in Illyricum. The future emperor was in Constantinople, ready to take advantage of any opportunity.   That opportunity came with Justinians unexpected death. Justin IIs Coronation Justinian may have been aware of his mortality, but he made no provision for a successor. He died suddenly on the night of November 14/15, 565, having never officially named who was to take up his crown. This did not stop Justins supporters from maneuvering him onto the throne. Though Justinian probably died in his sleep, the chamberlain Callinicus claimed that the emperor had designated the son of Vigilantia as his heir with his dying breath.   In the early morning hours of November 15, the chamberlain and a group of senators who had been wakened from their slumber rushed to Justins palace, where they were met by Justin and his mother. Callinicus related the emperors dying wish and, though he made a show of reluctance, Justin quickly assented to the request of the senators to take up the crown. Escorted by the senators, Justin and Sophia made their way to the Great Palace, where the Excubitors blocked the doors and the patriarch crowned Justin. Before the rest of the city even knew Justinian was dead, they had a new emperor. In the morning, Justin appeared in the imperial box at the Hippodrome, where he addressed the people. The next day he crowned his wife Augusta. And, in a matter of weeks, the other Justin was assassinated. Though most people of the day blamed Sophia, there seems no doubt that the new emperor himself was behind the murder. Justin then set about working to gain the support of the populace. Justin IIs Domestic Policies Justinian had left the empire in financial difficulty. Justin paid his predecessors debts, remitted overdue taxes, and cut back on expenditures. He also restored the consulship that had lapsed in 541. All this helped the local economy, which garnered Justin high marks from the nobility and general populace alike.   But things were not all rosy in Constantinople. In the second year of Justins reign a conspiracy took place, possibly motivated by the political murder of the other Justin. The senators Aetherios and Addaios evidently plotted to poison the new emperor. Aetherios confessed, naming Addaeus as his accomplice, and both were executed. Things ran considerably smoother after that. Justin IIs Approach to Religion The Acacian Schism that had split the Church in the late fifth and early sixth centuries had not ended with an abolishment of the heretical philosophy that triggered the split. Monophysite churches had grown and become entrenched in the Eastern Roman Empire. Theodora had been a firm Monophysite, and as Justinian aged he had grown more and more inclined toward the heretical philosophy.   Initially, Justin showed a fairly liberal religious tolerance. He had Monophysite churchmen released from prison and allowed exiled bishops to come home. Justin apparently wanted to unite the disparate monophysite factions and, ultimately, reunite the heretical sect with the orthodox viewpoint (as expressed at the Council of Chalcedon). Unfortunately, every attempt he made to facilitate concord was met with refusal from intransigent Monophysite extremists. Eventually his tolerance turned to stubbornness of his own, and he instituted a policy of persecution that lasted as long as he was in control of the empire.   Justin IIs Foreign Relations Justinian had pursued a variety of methods to build, maintain and preserve Byzantine lands, and had managed to acquire territory in Italy and southern Europe that had been part of the old Roman Empire. Justin was determined to destroy the enemies of the empire and was unwilling to compromise. Not long after he achieved the throne he received emissaries from the Avars and refused them the subsidies his uncle had granted them. He then formed an alliance with the Western Turks of Central Asia, with whom he fought against the Avars and possibly the Persians, as well. Justins war with the Avars did not go well, and he was forced to grant them even greater tribute than they had initially been promised. The treaty Justin signed with them angered his Turkish allies, who turned on him and attacked Byzantine territory in the Crimea. Justin also invaded Persia as part of an alliance with Persian-controlled Armenia, but this too did not go well; the Persians not only beat back the Byzantine forces, they invaded Byzantine territory and captured several important cities. In November of 573, the city of Dara fell to the Persians, and at this point Justin went insane. The Madness of Emperor Justin II Beset by temporary fits of insanity, during which Justin evidently attempted to bite anyone who came near, the emperor could not help but be aware of his military failures. He evidently ordered organ music to be played constantly to soothe his fragile nerves. During one of his more lucid moments, his wife Sophia convinced him that he needed a colleague to take over his duties.   It was Sophia who chose Tiberius, a military leader whose reputation outshone the disasters of his times. Justin adopted him as his son and appointed him Caesar. The last four years of Justins life were spent in seclusion and relative tranquility, and upon his death he was succeeded as emperor by Tiberius. The text of this document is copyright  ©2013-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is   not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell.The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/jwho/fl/Emperor-Justin-II.htm

Autobiographical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Autobiographical - Essay Example Especially I liked listening to the story of Pocahontas and John Smith, as they had some connection with me and my sister. The Indians, whose chief was Powhatan, shared the land with the colonists, the leader of which was John Smith. Powhatan wanted to kill John as he was invading the land of the Native Americans. But his daughter Pocahontas, who saw in John Smith an intelligent person and a good leader , came to rescue him putting her head on his when her father Powhatan was trying to kill John. Powhatan let John Smith live. The Indians started to appreciate him and adopted him into their tribe (Colonial America). This was the story that gave birth to my sisters name; Pocahontas - after Powhatan’s daughter and my name; John- in the memory of John Smith. I live with my mother, Amanda; my father George; my sister Pocahontas and my uncle Patrick. My father is a doctor. He is a very important man in our region. He was at every home and in every family. He is present at every fune ral and birth. He is equal both to the schoolmaster and the innkeeper, and not much inferior to the minister. People appreciate and respect him very much. His is especially famous for his popular medicine, which consists of toads burned to a crisp and powdered, then taken in small doses for diseases of the blood (Elson). My uncle Patrick is a merchant. He takes cargoes of fish and cattle and the products of the forest and of the soil to the West Indies, to England, and to Spain, and brings in return molasses and the many articles of manufacture that we can not make at home. I used to help him. We usually made the furniture for