Indigenous Tertiary Study Skills Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Report on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians Experience Disproportionately high levels of Diabetes. Answer: Introduction: Diabetes is considered as one of fastest growing chronic disease in recent time. According to a report, three hundred eighty two million people throughout the world have diabetes (Dabelea, et al., 2014). Diabetes is long term condition which causes high glucose level in human blood. It is evident that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian are mostly suffering from diabetes than the Non-indigenous Australians. The below mentioned article concentrates on Indigenous Australian as they are considered as one of the major victim of diabetes than rest of the Australians. The report has enlightened all the aspects of diabetes. It has discussed about three major types of diabetes and the risks that can be faced by the victims of diabetes. The article has presented an comparison between the Indigenous and Non-indigenous Australian based on the diabetes factor and it has discussed about a current and effective treatment procedure that is beneficial for the diabetic patient. Types of Diabetes: There are three major types of diabetes - Type one diabetes, Type two diabetes and Gestational (Talaei, Mohamadi Adgi, Z. (2013). Type One Diabetes: Type one diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes. In this type of diabetes pancreas become unable to produce sufficient insulin. Insulin is an essential hormone which helps the human body to function properly by providing energy to the cells. As this type of diabetes mainly occurs during childhood, it is also called Juvenile Diabetes. The people suffering from type one diabetes need to take insulin therapy. Type Two Diabetes: Type two diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. According to many reports, a large number of people in the world are suffering from type two diabetes. In this type of diabetes, human body does not produce sufficient insulin and does not use it properly. Without sufficient supply of insulin human body fails to function appropriately. This leads people to face various physical issues. They may face numbness in hands and feet. The victims of type two diabetes must discuss about their physical issues with a health care team. They must regularly monitor their blood sugar level and maintain a proper diet to control the diabetes level. Some exercise and few changes in life style can also be beneficial for the diabetic patients. Indigenous Australian are mostly suffering from type two diabetes (Ibiebele et al., 2016). Gestational: Gestational diabetes only develops during pregnancy. It is often evident that pregnant women suffer from this type of diabetes. According to the medical experts, hormones that reduce from the placenta make the insulin hormone of mothers body less effective. The victim of Gestational must consult with her doctor regarding her health issue as it can be harmful for the new born baby. Risk Factor: Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes: The risk of type one diabetes increases if any family member like parents or siblings is suffering from diabetes. If one has the autoantibody, it will increase the risk of type one diabetes. Inappropriate diet can cause type one diabetes. Low consumption of milk, consuming cereals before four months can increase the chance of type one diabetes (Kapellas et al., 2015). Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: Being fat can be harmful for human body. It increases the chance of type two diabetes. Inactivity also increases the risk of being diabetic. Every person must practice some physical exercise everyday to prevent the risk of diabetes. Polycystic ovary, Gestational diabetes, high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol are other major risk factors for type two diabetes. Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes: Mothers who are older than 25 years have the high risk of Gestational Diabetes. Being overweight can cause Gestational Diabetes. There is a high risk of Gestational Diabetes if any of the family members has diabetes (Duong et al., 2015). Comparison: According to a survey report, one in every twelve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is suffering from diabetes. According to a report, 11% Indigenous Australian who are older than eighteen years are suffering from diabetes. According to the blood test reports of the Indigenous Australian, they possess the high tendency of diabetes which is 18 times more than the Non- indigenous Australian. Report shows that in 2008 to 2012 8% of Indigenous Australian died due to high rate of diabetes (Chamberlain et al., 2015). There are many factors that influence the tendency of high blood sugar among the Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian. The one of the major factor that has influenced the health issues of the Indigenous Australian is Historical, social and cultural factor. In 18th century, the life style of Indigenous Australian has been changed with the arrival of Europeans. The sudden change in the food habits, life style and physical activity has increased the tendency among the Indigenous Australian. The economic condition of the society, physical activities, food habits, educational infrastructure puts a significant impact on individuals health. This has increased the risk of diabetes among the Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian (Burrow Ride, 2016). Treatment: Although recently there is no proper treatment available that can cure diabetes completely, small change in food habits can be beneficial for the victim of diabetes. Lack of Vitamin D increases the risk of diabetes. People must consume foods that preserve vitamin D. It will help them to prevent the risk of diabetes. Mothers must be aware of the fact that diabetes can be avoided by breastfeeding. It will help to produce insulin in proper manner which will be beneficial for the human body to function (Sorenson et al., 2016). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that the tendency of diabetes is growing faster in the world as well as in Indigenous Australian people due to wrong food habits and inactivity and various other reasons. The risk of the diabetes is higher among Indigenous Australian than Non-indigenous Australian due to lack of awareness, wrong food habits, physical activities and life styles. Although, there is no treatment that can heal the disease completely, few changes can help the victims of diabetes to beat diabetes. Victims must change their food habits for improvement. They must incorporate some food products into their regular diet that have high level of vitamin D like tuna, fatty fish and cheese. They will be able to bring some changes into their health condition. Reference: Burrow, S., Ride, K. (2016). Review of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.Mt Lawley (AUST): Edith Cowan University Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet. Chamberlain, C., McLean, A., Oats, J., Oldenburg, B., Eades, S., Sinha, A., Wolfe, R. (2015). Low rates of postpartum glucose screening among indigenous and non-indigenous women in Australia with gestational diabetes.Maternal and child health journal,19(3), 651-663. Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., ... Liese, A. D. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009.Jama,311(17), 1778-1786. Duong, J. K., Kumar, S. S., Furlong, T. J., Kirkpatrick, C. M., Graham, G. G., Greenfield, J. R., ... Day, R. O. (2015). The pharmacokinetics of metformin and concentrations of haemoglobin A1C and lactate in Indigenous and non?Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.British journal of clinical pharmacology,79(4), 617-623. Ibiebele, I., Coory, M., Smith, G. C., Boyle, F. M., Vlack, S., Middleton, P., ... Flenady, V. (2016). Gestational age specific stillbirth risk among Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in Queensland, Australia: a population based study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,16(1), 159. Kapellas, K., Jamieson, L. M., Do, L. G., Bartold, P. M., Wang, H., Maple-Brown, L. J., ... Slade, G. D. (2014). Associations between periodontal disease and cardiovascular surrogate measures among Indigenous Australians.International journal of cardiology,173(2), 190-196. Sorenson, A., Owens, L., Caltabiano, M., Cadet-James, Y., Hall, R., Govan, B., Clancy, P. (2016). The Impact of Prior Flavivirus Infections on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Among the Indigenous Australians.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,95(2), 265-268. Talaei, A., Mohamadi, M., Adgi, Z. (2013). The effect of vitamin D on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.Diabetology metabolic syndrome,5(1), 8.